Reverse sensor

Types of Reverse Sensors

Automotive engineers designed reverse sensors to assist vehicles during backward movements. They work by detecting obstacles behind vehicles to avoid collision and accidents. The sensors use ultrasonic or electromagnetic technology to sense objects in the way. Generally, reverse sensors help to ensure safety when reversing.

There are two main types of reverse sensors:

• Ultrasonic Reverse Sensors

  Ultrasonic sensors are among the most common types of reverse sensors. They utilize sound waves to detect obstacles. The system has several sensors mounted on the bumper that emit sound waves. These sound waves bounce off surrounding objects and return to the sensor. The system then analyzes the change in frequency. If there are any obstacles in the way, the sound waves will bounce back differently. The sensors then alert the driver through visual display or audible warning. The sensors can detect objects even when the driver cannot see them. Besides, they are affordable and easy to install. However, they may give false readings when detecting soft objects like bushes or fabrics.

• Electromagnetic Reverse Sensors

  Electromagnetic sensors utilize electromagnetic fields to identify nearby objects. The sensors are often installed inside the bumper. They constantly generate electromagnetic waves. When an object approaches the vehicle, it disturbs the waves. The sensor detects the disturbance and alerts the driver. The sensors are less susceptible to false alarms. They can also detect objects of various shapes and sizes. Nevertheless, reverse electromagnetic sensors are more expensive than ultrasonic sensors.

Some reverse sensors combine the two technologies to enhance their effectiveness and accuracy. Moreover, advanced reverse sensors come with additional features such as cross-traffic alert, lane departure warning, and automatic emergency braking. These features offer comprehensive safety and convenience for the driver. Generally, the choice of reverse sensors depends on the vehicle type, budget, and specific needs.

Specifications and Maintenance of Reverse Sensors

Manufacturers usually indicate the specifications of reverse sensors in a data sheet. Here are the common specifications to expect:

• Operating Voltage

  The reverse sensors have a voltage rating of 12V DC, which is the standard for most vehicles. Some manufacturers offer models with a voltage rating of 9V to 16V.

• Current Consumption

  This is the amount of current the sensor draws from the vehicle's electrical system. It is usually a small amount, typically around 100mA or less.

• Frequency

  The sensors emit sound waves at ultrasonic frequencies, typically between 40kHz and 200kHz. This is a range beyond human hearing but is detectable by the sensor's electronics.

• Detection Range

  Reverse sensors have a standard detection range of 0.3m to 2.0m. However, this can vary depending on the specific model and environmental conditions.

• Angle of Coverage

  The angle of coverage refers to the area that the sensor can detect. It is typically around 30 to 45 degrees from the sensor's axis.

• Temperature Range

  Reverse sensors are designed to operate in various environmental conditions. The normal temperature range is -40°C to +85°C (-40°F to +185°F).

It is crucial to keep the sensors clean and free from debris. Mud, snow, ice, and dirt can build on the sensors' surfaces and affect their performance. This will lead to false readings or complete sensor failure. Therefore, they should be cleaned regularly using mild soap and water or automotive cleaning products. Users should also inspect the wiring and connections for damage regularly. Look out for frayed wires, corrosion, or loose connections. Any damage should be fixed immediately to ensure the proper functioning of the sensors.

Reverse sensors can be affected by environmental factors such as extreme temperatures, heavy rain, or snow. Therefore, users should take necessary precautions and avoid using them as the only safety measure. They should be tested periodically to ensure they are functioning correctly. This can be done by checking for audible alerts and visual displays when objects are detected. If the sensors have inconsistent performance or require frequent maintenance, it may be time to replace them.

In addition to normal vehicle maintenance, users can protect their sensors from harsh weather and road conditions by using protective covers and choosing models with weatherproof designs.

How to Choose Car Reverse Sensors

Choosing the right reverse sensors for vehicles involves considering several factors:

• Vehicle Compatibility

  The type of vehicles and their specifications should be considered. For larger vehicles like trucks and buses, it is important to choose sensors with a wider detection range because of their larger size. Meanwhile, for smaller cars, sensors with a shorter range will be sufficient. Also, the vehicle's electrical system and exhaust placement should be compatible with the sensor system installed.

• Sensor Type

  Different types of sensors are available for various needs. Ultrasonic sensors are the most common and affordable for detecting low-speed obstacles. They are suitable for most vehicles. Meanwhile, electromagnetic sensors are more advanced and can detect high-speed obstacles, but they are more expensive. They are more suitable for luxury or high-end vehicles. Camera-based systems provide a visual feed for better detection of obstacles. They are suitable for vehicles that often face tight parking spaces.

• Detection Range and Angle

  The detection range and angle of the reverse sensors are also important features to consider. For larger vehicles, a longer detection range (1.5 to 2 meters) is needed to ensure safety while reversing. A wider angle (90 degrees) is also necessary for large vehicles. Meanwhile, smaller cars require sensors with a shorter detection range (0.5 to 1 meter) and a narrower angle (45 degrees).

• Audio and Visual Alerts

  Reverse sensors provide audio and visual alerts to inform drivers about obstacles. The alert's volume and frequency should be considered based on the vehicle's interior noise level and the driver's sensitivity. For larger vehicles, loud and distinct audio alerts are needed. Meanwhile, for smaller cars, audio alerts with adjustable volume can suffice.

• Installation

  It is important to consider the ease of installing reverse sensors. Some systems require professional installation, while others can be installed DIY. For larger vehicles that need more complex electrical systems, professional installation is recommended. Meanwhile, for smaller cars, DIY installable systems can save costs.

• Price and Budget

  The price of reverse sensors varies depending on the type, features, and brand. It is important to set a budget and compare different options to find the best value within the price range. More expensive sensors offer advanced features and higher accuracy but also mean higher costs.

How to DIY and Replace Reverse Sensors

Reverse parking sensors can be installed easily, even by someone with basic car maintenance knowledge. Manufacturers provide detailed step-by-step guides on how to install each type of sensor. Here is a summarized version of the installation process:

• Choose the right system. Ultrasonic sensors are the easiest to install for DIYers.
• Prepare the tools. Apart from the ones provided in the kit, have a screwdriver, drill, electrical tape, and wire cutters.
• Read the instruction manual to understand the process and avoid mistakes.
• Park the car in a well-lit and ventilated space.
• Test the sensor system before installation. This helps to know whether the system is functional or not.
• Reverse the car and locate where to install the sensors. Ideally, they should be placed where the bumper meets the trunk. Mark the four places where the holes will be drilled.
• Drill holes and be careful not to damage the bumper.
• Feed the sensor cables through the holes and connect them to the control unit. The control unit goes alongside the display screen inside the car.
• Once the sensors are connected, the reverse control unit should be connected to the reverse light. This will enable the system to work when the car is in reverse.
• Test the system again to ensure everything is working properly.

It is advisable to let a professional install the sensor if they require cutting into the car's wiring harness or if the instructions are too technical.

Q and A

Q1: What is a reverse sensor?

A1: The reverse sensor, also known as the park assist sensor, is a vehicle component that helps the driver reverse safely. The system uses ultrasonic sensors to detect obstacles when the vehicle is reversing and alerts the driver through beeps or visual signals.

Q2: How does a reverse sensor work?

A2: The reverse sensor works using ultrasonic technology. It emits sound waves from its sensors and listens for echoes. If there is an obstacle in the path while reversing, the sound waves will bounce off the object, and the system will detect the change in the echo. Then, the vehicle's computer will process the information and alert the driver through a display screen or audible warning.

Q3: Can reverse sensors be installed on all vehicles?

A3: Yes, reverse sensors can be installed on most vehicles, even those not originally equipped with the system. Various aftermarket options are available and can be professionally installed or self-installed, depending on the complexity of the system.

Q4: Are reverse sensors reliable?

A4: Reverse sensors are generally reliable, but their limitations are worth noting. They may not detect very low or small obstacles, such as curbs or small objects on the ground. Additionally, weather conditions like heavy rain or snow can affect sensor performance due to reduced visibility or interference with sensor operation.

Q5: Can reverse sensors be disabled?

A5: Yes, it is possible to disable reverse sensors. Some vehicles have a dedicated switch or control on the sensor system to turn it off. Additionally, the system can be disabled during installation or through the vehicle's settings. However, it is not recommended to disable the reverse sensors, as they are essential for safe reversing.