Types of 3 axis CNC router table
The phrase '3 axis CNC router tables' refers to machines that can move along three distinct axis directions, namely the X, Y, and Z-axis. This type of table is great for cutting materials like wood, plastic, and PVC. Generally, a 3D CNC machine functions the same as a 3-axis router, but the latter has a limitation in terms of movement.
3 axis CNC wood routers have three main cutting directions: the horizontal left/right (X-axis), the horizontal up/down (Y-axis), and the vertical (Z-axis). As the most common CNC machine available in the market, the 3-axis CNC router/substitute is great for undertaking projects that require basic cuts and movements. Complex projects requiring advanced CAD to design modules or patterns are not possible with this type of router table.
Despite its limitations, the three-axis CNC machine boasts several benefits, including ease of use, efficiency in production speed, and the ability to create basic reliefs and cavities. First-time users and those working with cheaper budgets will usually settle for an entry-level device like this one.
Below is a list of some popular ways an object can move with the help of a CNC three-axis router:
- Horizontal left/right (X-axis): This axis moves the machine horizontally from left to right. It is primarily responsible for managing the position of the wood or material being used. In a standard CNC router, the X-axis is linked to the moving gantry that holds the router.
- Horizontal up/down (Y-axis): This axis moves vertically and is usually linked to the router table. In a standard CNC router design, the Y-axis refers to the linear movement of the table and is responsible for moving materials vertically to the tool's cutting area.
- Vertical (Z-axis): It refers to the vertical movement of the machine, including the router and spindle. The Z-axis controls the depth of cuts made in the material is being used. It also accesses the program's intricate parts, such as holes and profiles.
Specification and Maintenance
- Product size: The product's size is a fundamental specification to determine the working area and maximum size of the panel or material that the machine can accommodate. For instance, a 3 axis CNC router table with a working area of 60 x 120 inches can work with large materials, including furniture components, signage, and sheet metal.
- Controller: 3-axis CNC routers use different types of control systems, including computer numerical control (CNC), G-code, or G-code with specific extensions for CNC routing. For example, some routers apply a standard G-code with additional custom commands for better optimization. CNC routers with G-code control are easier to operate and understand.
- Transmission system and drive mechanism are essential for determining accuracy and cutting speed. Common models include rack and pinion, belt drive, ball screw, and linear motion system. For example, a CNC router table with a rack and pinion drive is suitable for large machines needing faster movement. On the other hand, a ball screw drive ensures higher accuracy, making it an ideal choice for smaller CNC router tables.
- Spindle: The spindle is the router's motor that rotates the cutting tool. Spindles have varying power outputs, generally expressed in horsepower (HP) or kilowatts (kW). They directly influence the cutting speed and ability to work with different materials. A 3 axis CNC router table with a 3HP spindle motor will have a stronger cutting power over the material.
- Vacuum pump: Vacuum pumps create the suction force that holds the workpieces down on the CNC router table. Different types of vacuum pumps are used in this context, as denoted by their specifications. For example, a rotary vane pump illustrates a positive displacement pump that utilizes a rotary mechanism to move and trap the gas, thus creating the vacuum.
Many manufacturers provide detailed instructions on how to maintain a 3-axis CNC router table. Some learn-by-do manuals are also available online. The most common practice is to clean the worktable after every use. It's better to remove debris or dust rather than wait until they pile up and then clean the worktable. Doing so will help maintain the machine's precision and prolong its lifespan. Another thing users can do is to calibrate the router table regularly to make sure it maintains its accuracy over time. This applies to a 3 axis CNC acrylic router table or one designed for other materials. Users should also apply lubrication to moving parts of the router machine, like the rails, guide, and Z-axis, among others. The essence of lubrication is to reduce friction and make the moving parts glide smoothly. Additionally, users can periodically inspect and replace worn-out or damaged parts of the router machine. This includes checking the spindle bearings, cutting heads, and belts for wear and tear. They should also look for any loose parts and tighten them. Doing routine maintenance of a CNC router machine enhances its performance and allows it to cut materials with superior precision and quality.)
Applications of the 3-axis CNC router
The ability of the 3-axis CNC router machine to make complex and detailed cuts allows it to be used in many industries and applications.
- Architectural Elements: The 3-axis CNC router cuts moldings, trims, and decorative elements with high precision. It creates routing patterns, arches, and geometrical profiles, which are often difficult to achieve using traditional manual methods. Using this machine can provide a higher quality product and reduce the labor needed for production.
- Sign Making: This machine makes 3D and 2D signs, both interior and exterior, as well as shop front signage. The CNC router machine can cut letters and logos from different types of materials and media, such as vinyl, acrylic, and wood. Its precision allows for the creation of stunning, intricate signage that can enhance brand visibility.
- Instrument Panels: The 3-axis CNC router machine's capacity to cut complicated patterns makes it an ideal choice for use in making instrument panels and dashboards. It is able to create panel layouts, switchboards, and other automotive and marine dashboard components with high accuracy. It is possible to ensure the quality and uniformity of instrument panels by using a 3-axis CNC router machine, which also contributes to the design's functionality and efficiency.
- Packaging and Labeling: A 3-axis CNC router can create packaging, labels, and template cutouts with high precision from materials like cardboard, acrylic, and PVC. In the production of customized packaging solutions, rapid prototyping, and labeling systems, it is frequently used.
- Furnitures: The 3-axis CNC router machine is great for use in the creation of furniture because it makes it possible to carve and route different types of furniture components. This includes things like table surfaces, cabinet doors, decorative patterns, and more. The three-axis CNC router machine adds value, elegance, and personalization to the finished furniture goods by ensuring accuracy and enhancing the level of decorative detail in the furniture items.
- Waveboards: The shape of a waveboard is complicated and requires high precision in milling when it comes to making it. The component of the waveboard that is the top deck usually has an imprinting or design that a 3-axis CNC router may do. The customization of the waveboard helps to differentiate the brand.
- Marine industry: 3D CNC routers are widely used in the marine industry for boat building and repair, as well as the production of marine components. A marine part may be accurately cut, shaped, and milled by a 3D CNC router machine, including but not limited to: boat hulls, decks, and interior panels; as well as boat seats, cabinets, and other nautical accessories. The 3-axis CNC router offers levels of accuracy and reproducibility that are essential for producing marine components of good quality to satisfying the demands of the marine environment. This makes it possible to do so quickly and effectively.
How to choose a 3 axis CNC router table
Before investing in a 3-axis CNC wood router table, there are a few things to consider.
-
Reason for Purchase
Understanding the purpose of the purchase can help determine what features needs to be focused on.
-
Material Compatibility
Different 3-axis CNC routers are compatible with varying types of materials. It is essential to ensure that the router can handle the type of material that will be used.
-
Compatible Software
It is important to ensure that the router's software can create and modify designs that can be translated into CNC code.
-
Available Space
3-axis CNC routers come in various sizes. When choosing a router, it is essential to consider the available space andensure a proper setup is feasible.
-
Budget
3-axis CNC routers can vary in price. It's important to determine the budget and prioritize features that align with the intended use and requirements.
-
Bonus Parts
Some suppliers may offer extra accessories that come with the router, such as Dust Extraction Systems, Tool Holders or Workholding Solutions. It's worth inquiring about these to maximise the benefits of the purchase.
Q&A
Q1: What are some maintenance tips for 3 axis CNC routers?
A1: Some maintenance tips for 3 axis CNC routers include regular inspection of the machine, cleaning the router bit, wiping down the machine and oiling moving parts.
Q2: Can users upgrade a 3 axis CNC router to a 5 axis machine?
A2: No, the 3 axis CNC router cannot be upgraded to a 5 axis machine. Both routers are distinct independent machines. However, users can install new upgrades to the 3 axis CNC router to enhance its functionality.
Q3: How do 3 axis CNC routers compare to 4 axis CNC routers?
A3: The 3 axis CNC router machine as the name implies has three axes and offers basic cutting capabilities. On the other hand, the 4 axis CNC router has four axes including an additional rotational axis. It performs similar tasks to the 3 axis CNC router but with higher capabilities. Also, the 4 axis CNC router requires more work to set up compared to the 3 axis CNC router.
Q4: Do 3 axis CNC routers come with software?
A4: Yes, 3 axis CNC routers typically come with CNC software to help design and control the router. Some of the software includes ArtSoftMach3, Vectric and Autodesk among others. Please note that the compatibility of the software will depend on the specific 3 axis CNC router model.
Ready to Ship
浙公网安备 33010002000092号
浙B2-20120091-4